What type of assessment is a summative assessment?

A summative assessment is defined as a measurement that takes place at the conclusion of an instructional unit. This type of assessment is designed to evaluate the overall learning and retention of knowledge after a specific period of instruction. It typically involves formal evaluations such as final exams, standardized tests, or projects that summarize what students have learned. The purpose is to gauge the effectiveness of the instruction and demonstrate students' mastery of the subject matter.

This contrasts with formative assessments, which are conducted during the instructional process to monitor student learning and provide ongoing feedback. Hence, evaluations that occur during instruction or informal discussions do not fit the definition of summative assessments. Summative assessments provide a final evaluation, helping educators understand the cumulative knowledge students have acquired by the end of a learning segment.