What approach emphasizes higher levels of learner involvement, including problem-solving and critical thinking?

The approach that emphasizes higher levels of learner involvement, including problem-solving and critical thinking, is indirect instruction. This method focuses on guiding learners through experiences where they actively construct knowledge rather than being passive recipients of information. Indirect instruction often incorporates strategies such as group discussions, collaborative projects, and experiential learning, which encourage students to engage deeply with the material, analyze information, and develop their critical thinking skills.

In contrast, direct instruction typically involves more teacher-centered approaches, where the educator delivers content through structured lessons and lectures without fostering as much active participation from students. Traditional learning often relies on rote memorization and standardized assessments rather than the exploration and application of knowledge. Lecture-based learning predominantly places the instructor at the forefront, emphasizing information delivery over learner engagement and critical analysis. Therefore, indirect instruction stands out as the method that truly involves and empowers learners to engage with content meaningfully.