Critical reflection can be described as:

Critical reflection involves analyzing experiences to gain a deeper understanding of both the experiences themselves and their broader implications. This process encourages individuals to think deeply about their actions, decisions, and the context in which they operate. By engaging in critical reflection, educators and learners alike can identify underlying assumptions, challenge established norms, and ultimately enhance their professional practice and personal growth.

In contrast to passive learning, which implies a lack of engagement or critical thinking, critical reflection demands active participation. It requires the learner to evaluate not just what happened, but why it happened, and to consider alternative perspectives and solutions. This ongoing analysis fosters a meaningful learning environment where insights can lead to improved approaches and a more profound grasp of the subject matter.

Focusing solely on the teacher's perspective limits the scope of reflection and the potential for collaborative learning. Such a narrow view overlooks the valuable insights that can arise from different viewpoints, particularly those of students. Additionally, rote memorization does not promote understanding or the ability to apply knowledge in different contexts; it merely involves committing information to memory without critical engagement or analysis.